Compressor



W. AND 1. 0. VVSHAR'a COMPRESSOR.

APPLICATION man FEB. 26, 191s.

w. AND1. o. vvasHAm. COMPRESSOR.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. 26. 15H8.

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W. AND J. O. WISHART4 COMPRESS R v APPLICATION FILED IEB 2s I gh Patented NW3() M200 ASHEETS SHEE 4- UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JOHN 0. WISHART AND WILLIAM VISIIART, OF CLINTON, IOWA, ASSIGNORS TO CLINTON REFRIGERATING COIJANY, (IF CLINTON, IOW'A, A CORPORATION OF IOWA.

COMPRESSOR.

l 7.sentir Application filed February 26, 1918.

To all 107mm t may concern Be it known that we, JOHN O. WsHAR'r and WILLIAM ISHART, citizens of the United States, and residents of the city of Clinton, in the county of Clinton and State of lowa, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Compressors; and we do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to the numerals of reference marked thereon, which form a part of this specification.

This invention has reference more particularly to a compressor or pump for heavy duty such as in refrigerating plants and the like, and which is adapted to furnish continuous supply of fluid under pressure.

An object of the inventionis to provide a compressor in a simple, compact form, so constructed that the parts thereof are easily accessible for removal and repairs.

Another object of the invention is to provide a compressor having reciprocating compressing members with operating means whereby lateral strain on the reciprocating members is avoided.

Another object of the invention is to provide a compression cylinder which is open at the intake end and provided with an enlarged suction Chamber separated from the crank case of the compressor.

another object of the invention is to provide a compressor having a separate suction chamber for each cylinder apart from the crank case and a valved opening through the piston transmitting the fluid from the suction chamber to the compression chamber.

Another obiect of the invention is to )ro vide a compressorl having a crank oase with Speoication of Letters Patent.

Patented Nov. so, 1920.

Serial No. 219,210.

Our invention also has other objects.

which will appear from the following specification and the accompanying drawings.

IGui' invention (in a preferred form) is illustrated in the accompanying drawings and described in the following specification.

@n the drawings:

Figure l is a side view of a compressor embodying our improvements.

Fig. 2 is a view of the compressor shown .in Fig. 1, looking at the left hand side there of and having the ily wheel thereof removed on the line 2 2 of Fig. l.

Fig. 3 is an enlarged sectional view on the line 3 3 of Fig. 2, parts thereof being shown in elevation.

Fig. l is a vertical sectional view on the line ll- 4rof Fig. 3, parts thereof being hown in elevation.

Fig. 5 is a horizontal sectional view on the line 5 5 of Fig. 3, parts thereof being iown in plan.

Fig. 6 is an enlarged vertical sectional view of the upper end of one of the cylinders.

Fig. 7 is a transverse sectional view on the line 7 7 of Fig. 6..

Fig. S is anenlarged vertical sectional view of the piston.

F ig. 9 is a view on line 9 9 of Fig. 8.

Fig. 10 is a sectional view on line 10 10 of Fig. 8.

As shown on the drawings:

rihe reference numeral l, indicates the base of the compressor which has the elevated top`2, upon which the crank case 3 is secured by means of the bolts t, which are passed through a flange 5, extending around the bottom of the crank case. The bolts 4, are threaded into the top 2. At each side of the crank case is an opening 6, which is closed by a cover 7, secured in place by means of the bolts 8, so that access may be had te the interior of the crank case.

The compressor herein shown is of the type having a pair of adjacently disposed parallel cylinders. The top of the crank case is provided with a pair of openings to receive the lower ends of a pair of cylinder supports 9, each of which is provided with an annular flange 10, adjacent the lower end thereof adapted to rest upon the upper surface of the crank case 3', and be secured thereon in position by means of the bolts 11. Mounted on the upper end of each cylinder support 9, is a cylinder 12, Which closes the upper end of the cylinder support 9, and has the lower end therein projecting,` into the cylinder support 9. in annular dange 13, is integrally formed on the cylinder 12, intermediate of the ends of the cylinder, and said flange 13, engages the upper end of the cylinder support 9l and is secured thereto by the bolts 14. Packing 15, is interposed between the flange and the upper end ot the cylinder support 9, to insure a tight joint.

Mounted to reciprocate in each cylinder 12, is a hollow piston 16, which has the usual piston rings 17, seated. annularly in the grooved outer surface thereof to engage the bore et the cylinder 12, and make a fluid tight sliding oint. At the lower end thereot, the piston has spider 18, with a rentral hub 19, to which the piston rod 20, is secured, said spider comprising radial arms, connecting the hub with the piston wall whereby passages are provided through the piston.

rlhe piston rod 20, extends down into the crank case 3, to be operated by the crank shaft 21, journaled therein. The lower end of the cylinder support 9, is closed by a bottom to proride a fluid suction chamber 22, at the lower end ot' the cylinder. rlhe bot toni of the cylinder support has an opening' therethrough through which the piston rod 20, is passed. ln order to prevent leakage around the piston rod 20, from the chamber 22, to the crank case 3, the bottom of the cylinder support 9, has a sleeve 23, embracing; the piston rod 20, and provided with an elongated packing chamber 24, in which pacl 25, is placed and compressed. i bushing 26, is adapted to slide in the lower end ot' the packing'chamber 24, to compress the packing' 25, therein and pressure is agplied to this bushing. by means ot the 1uternally threaded nut 2.7, which engages the external threads on the lower end or the sleeve 23, and bears against the outer end the bushing` 2G.

For supporting` the crankshaft 21, in the crank case 3, the crank case is provided at opposite sides with the Ijournal boxes 28 and 39 which are detachably connected with the .side walls oiI the crank case by means of the bolts 29 and 37 respectively, and hare the bearings 30, inserted therein which directly engage the shaft 21, to receive the wear thereof, which construction enables the journal boxes 28 and 39, to be easily removed and the bearing insert 30, conveniently replaced. The crank shaft 21, is provided in the crank case 3, intermediate the bearings 28 and 39, with apair of diametrically opposed cranks having the crank pins 31, properly positioned to operate the piston rods 20, and there is a fly wheel 32, on the crank shaft at the outside ot the crank case whereby the crank shaft is operated to drive the pistons.

ln or, that the crank shaft may be reat'ily removed trom the crank case, there t the crank case an elongated is at one side o; opening in the upper end of which the journai box 39, is located and there is a plate 34, closing this opening` which is secured to the crank case by means of the bolts 35. rlhe journal 39, at that side of the crank case is inserted through the opening 36, in the plate 34, and is secured to said plate 34, by means of the bolts 37. lin order to insure accurate placing ot' the journal box 39, the upper bolts 3?, are passed entirely through the plate 34, and threaded into the crank case 3, as shown in Fig. 3. Y

lt is essential that the bear 30, be placed in position so that proper alinement assured iter op tion or" the crank sha'lt 21, therein, and for this purpose the openings in the crank case and plate 34, are carefully alined and the journal boxes are each provided with a turned shoulder which fit-s in the respective opening and holds the bearings in proper alinement. As a further ineans to facilitate proper placing of the bearings there is a raiser rim or boss around the outer edge ot each journal boX opening in the crank case. The plate 34, which is milled is adapted to be held against one of seid raised rims by the flange 86, of the journal box 39, by means of the attaching bolts 3T, while the flange 86, of the journal bei; 8, is held against the other raised rim by the bolts 29.

Each piston rod 20, is secured at its lower end to a cross head 40, which comprises a pair of transverse guides 41, which are secured together by bolt 42, at each end and properly spaced by means of sleeves 43, on the bolts between the `guides 41. Each cross head 40, embraces one of the crank pins 31', ot the crank shaft and there is a journal boX on each crank pin consisting` of the two half sections 44, which tit between and are held together by means ot the guides 41, and are adapted to slide lengthwise of the said guides, and are confined en the guides by means of the lips 45, which engage the edges oi the guides 41. To provide for the wear occasioned by the operation of the crank pin 31, in the journal box sections 44, a bearing` 4G, is interposed between the crank pin 31, and tlie'journal boX, which bearing` can be removed and replaced when necessary. The operation of the cranks by reason of their engagement with the cross heads 40 is adapted to reciprocate the piston rods 20. To hold the piston rods aga-inst lateral strain, there is a rod 47, extended from the bottom of each of the lower oross'head guides 41, in alinement with they respective piston rod 20, and said rod 47, slidesin a guide bearing 48, in the top 2, of the base 1.

F rom the foregoing, it will be apparent that as the crank shaft 21, is operated, the crank pins 31, are caused to travel in a circular path and impart a corresponding movement to the journal boxes 44. The journal boxes 44, however being adaptedl to slide laterally, and the cross heads being incapable of lateral movement, the sidewise move ment of the crank pins 31, will impart a lateral movement, to the journal boxes 44, in the cross heads 40, and only the vertical movement of the crank pins will be applied to the cross heads 40, and the piston rods 20, so as to operate the piston 16, on the upper ends thereof.

The upper end of the cylinder 12, is closed by means of the cylinder head 49, which is secured to the upper end of the cylinder by means of the bolts 50. There is a valve holder 51, in the upper end of the cylinder at the inside of the cylinder head 49, which supports the spring pressed valve52, for closing the upper end of the cylinder. This valve holder 51, is held in place by means of an annular flange 53, thereof, which seats against the flange 54, at the upper end of the cylinder and is clamped thereagainst by mea-ns of the cylinder head 49, bearing against the upper surface of the flange 53. There is a disk 55 formed on the lower end of the valve holder 51 adjacent the upper end of the' cylinder bore, and the valve 52, covers the'lower face of the disk and has an upturned flange 56, which engages, the rim of the disk The central portion of the valve holder 51, has a vertical opening 59, therein and a hub 57, formed on the upper face of the valve 52, slides in said 'opening and has the stem 58, thereof projecting up through the end wall of said Opening 59. The spring 60 is coiled around the stem and compressed between the hub 57, of the valve and the end wall of the opening 59, so as to force the valve against the valve' seat 61, provided therefor in the upper end of the cylinder whereby the upper end of the cylinder piston bore is normally closed.

lt will be noted that by reason of the disk 55, fitting within the annular flange 56, of the valve 52, a closed compartment 4is formed between the disk 55, and the valve 52, when the valve is closed against the seat 61, and to provide relief from this compartment and prevent compression or vac-nity in the compartment which would interfere with the operation of the valve 52, there is an opening 62 (see F ig. 4) through the flange 56, communicating with the space between the disk 55, and the valve 52.

The fluid to be compressed is introduced into the suction compartment 22, at the lower end of the cylinder through the inlet pipe 63, and. is discharged from the compression chamber at the upper end of the cylinder. through the outlet pipe 64, and passes from the -suction chamber 22, through the piston into the upper end of the cylinder and is from there forced through the valve 52, into the chamber 65, at the upper end of the cylinder which chamber communicates with the pipe 64.

In order to permit easy passage of the fluid through the piston and close the upper end of the piston, when it is acting to compress the fluid in the upper end of the cylinder, a valve ring 66, is threaded into the upper end of the piston 16, and provided with a valve seat 67, and upwardly opening valve 68, which when seated, together with the ring 66, effectively closesthe upper end of the piston. A hub 69, is connected by means of the spider' 70, to the valve ring 66, and spaced therefrom, so as to provide a guide for the stem 71, to which the valve 68, is attached. The lower end of the stem 71, has a head 72, spaced from the hub 69, and there is a spring 73, coiled about the stem 72, and compressed between the head 71, and the hub 69, to hold the valve 68, against the seat 66. There is also another spring 74, coiled about the stem 71, and compressed between the hub 69,l and,I the valve 68, the purpose of which is to balance the tension of the spring 73, and hold the valve 68, lightly closed so that it will readily open when the piston is moved downwardly, and admit fluid therethrough to the chamber in the cylinder above the piston.

A water jacket is provided for the upper end of the cylinder and consists of a shell l75, which is of sufficient diameter to telescope over the upper end of the cylinder and has the lower edge thereof seated in an annular groove 76, formed in the upper end of the cylinder support 9. A threaded stein 77, projects from the top of the cylinder head 49, and is inserted through an opening in the upper end of the cylinder jacket 75, and has the nut 78, threaded thereon against the top of the water jacket shell to clamp it down into the grooves 76. This groove may be provided with a packing material to prevent leakage, Suitable water pipes and 81 are connected with the water jacket 75, to supply and remove water therefrom for cooling the cylinder. The outlet pipe 64, from the compressor is passed through the water jacket 75, and there is a boss 82, on the water jacket 75, surrounding the pipe 64, which is internally threaded to receive the nut 83, which is adapted to compress a ring of packing material 84, in the boss 82, around the pipe 64, to prevent leakage. One of the pipes 8O and 81 is connected with a source of water supply to circulate water in vthe jacket 75, around the cylinder l2. The pipe 63, is connected to the supply ot fluid to be compressed, and the pipe 6st, is connected toV transmit the compressed liuid to thc desired point.

The crank shaft 2l, is rotated by means of power applied to drive wheel 32, and by reason or' the connection of the crank pin 3l, with the cross head 40, imparts a reciprocating movement to the piston rod 20, and the piston lo, at the upper' end thereof. Owing to the fact that valve 68, is normally closed, the upward movement of the piston draws in a supply of fluid to be compressed throiiigh the pipo 63, into the suction chamber 22. The valve 52, at the upper end oi' the cylinder, being normally closed, when the piston 16, moves downwardly at the end ot its upward stroke, a partial vacuum is formed in the cylinder above the piston and inasmuch as the valve 68, is lightly closed by reason of the balanced tension of the sp ings 74C, and 73, this valve readily opens, and a upply ot fluid to be compressed is admitted into the cylinder above the piston. is a further means of admitting liuid to the cylinder above the piston so as to insure the chamber being completely filled, l have provided a port 79 (see F ig. et) in the wall or the cylinder which alords communicationbetween the suction chamber 22 and the compression chamber of the cjlinde when the piston is in the lowermost posit:N and which is closed by the piston i starts to move upwardly. lllhen the j starts to move upwardly at the end die downward stroke, the valve G8, immediately closes and further upward movement comw presses the fluid in the chamber above the piston until it reaches a degree oit compression suilicient to overcome the tension o'l the spring 60, and the pressure within the chamber 65, whereupon the valve 52, will be raised and the contents ot the cylinder forced into the chamber 65, and out through the pipe Gel.

For the purpose ci illustration, we have shownour invention embodied in a cert in form. and we are aware that various changes maybe made and details of construction varied through a wide range without departing from the principles of this invention. We therefore do not purpose limiting the patent granted otherwise than nec-essitated by the prior art.

We claim as our invention:

l. ln a compre n. the combination oi' a crank case, a crank shaft in the crank case, a removable journa box at each side of the c 'ank ease for the'crank shaft, and a removn able elongated plate at one side oithe crank case coperating with one of the journal bores to admit the crank shalt to the interlor oi the crank case.

2. ln a compressor, the combination oi a cylinder, having an annular valve seat at one end, a cylinder head secured to the end oi" the cylinder, a removable valve holder intermediate of the cylinder head and valve seat, a disk on the holder adjacent the valve seat, a valve on the holder intermediate of the disk and valve seat, and means on the valve holder for resiliently holding the valve against the seat.

In a compressor the combination of a crank case and cylinder, a piston in the cylinder, a crank shaft in the crank case, said crank case having a large opening in one side thereof for inserting the crank shaft therein, a plate for closing said large opening, said plate and the opposite side of the crank case having bearing openings therein, removable bearing for the crank shaft in each of said openings, and means for holding said bearings in relative alinement.

l. The combination with a compressor, of a cylinder having a valve seat at one end thereof, a cylinder head removably secured on the cylinder, a valve holder removablyl secured between the cylinder and said cylinder head, a disk formed on said holder, and a valve supported by the holder and disposed between the valve seat and said disk for normally closing the cylinder.

5. The combination with a compressor, or a cylinder having a valve seat near one end thereof, a valve holder on the upper end of the cylinder and projecting thereinto, a disk on the inner end of said holder spaced Eoin the cylinder valve seat, a valve carried by said holder between said disk and valve seat for normally closing the cylinder, a cylinder head for holding the holder secured in place, a stem integrally formed on said head, an apertured water jacket surrounding the cylinder and the cylinder head with the stem projecting through the aperture in said water jacket, and means removably engaged on the stem tov hold the water jacket secured in position.

ln testimony whereof, we have hereunto subscribed our names in the presence of two subscribing Witnesses.

JGHNT G. VSHRT. WLLIAM lVlSHART.

Witnesses L. F. SUTTON, A. H. WORRELL. 

